Colonial Williamsburg Digital Library

North Wall

Wall Surface: The wall is of brick, 7'-0" high, 27 courses from concrete floor to sill. Brick wall extends below concrete floor to unknown depth, presumably same as east wall (see below). The bond is English for ten courses below the sill. Below that point the bond is Flemish, with some irregularity. Tooled joints are in evidence under several coats of whitewash, especially in the Flemish bond. Brick size is 2-5/16" x 4-3/8" x 9" 5 courses equalling 15". The wall is in good condition.

In the eighth and ninth courses off the floor (29" to the top) are four evenly spaced holes in the wall. They were probably for shelf support, and do not seem to have been part of the original wall, but cut in later. The holes were filled with brick rubble and 19th century mortar. (See East Wall for another matching hole.)

Windows: There are two windows in this wall, roughly lining up with the 1st floor windows above. Both windows contain modern sash with modern hardware. The east unit (Window #1) is entirely late. The west frame and grille (Window #2) is original, but the sill is very deteriorated. Both interior brick sills have been reworked, and the east one has been lowered several courses, but the brick jambs are basically original, patched.

RECOMMENDATION: Remove and replace patch under east window. Install wood shelf brackets and wood shelf, using existing holes for location and spacing. Patch brickwork as necessary. Remove modern parging above 58 floor under east window. Patch and repair west window and grille and replace sill, and provide new east window unit using west window unit as precedent. Install solid batten shutters behind grilles.

West Wall

Wall Surface: The west wall is of brick, height as north wall. The wall is complicated by a triangular chimney foundation (see below). The brick wall from the south corner to the chimney foundation is roughly bonded, neither English nor Flemish. There is a vertical crack in the southwest corner due to recent settlement. A few brick are deteriorated, but most are sound, and the section of wall is in fair condition. Some tooled joints are in evidence. One brick, seemingly a patch, has a sooty face probably indicating its previous use in a fireplace or flue.

The segment of wall from the north corner of chimney foundation to the North wall has been almost totally reworked, except for approximately two feet at the North wall. This segment shows a mixed bond, with tooled joints similar to those on the North wall.

Doors: Roughly two feet south of the centerline between the chimney foundation and the North wall is an opening to the Center Passage with a circular headed brick arch. The jambs and brick arch are modern, with modern mortar joints. Modern wood doors were recently removed from this opening. To the south of the opening, the wall has been relaid very roughly, and only partly infilled, that infilling also being very rough.

Chimney Foundation: The east chimney foundation extends into this room in a triangular shape, with the long side part of the west wall. In the northeast and southeast faces are relieving arches, corresponding in location to the fireplaces in the first floor above. The brick panels at the rear of the recesses were in place prior to the construction of the arches, as the remains of wood centering for the arches was found still in place over the brick panels.

The brickwork of the chimney foundation is in fair condition, some bricks being quite deteriorated, and some patching and replacement being advisable. Both arches have dropped slightly, and the upper half of the entire unit has lately been patched and repainted by Colonial Williamsburg in order to help stabilize the chimney. A rough coat of plaster and several coats of whitewash covered the foundation of the chimney, and these were partially removed at the time the repainting and patching was done. The northeast hearth support has been repainted, and needs to be reworked. The southeast hearth is in poor condition, and needs replacing.

RECOMMENDATION: Repoint and patch wall as necessary. Whitewash wall. Remove circular arch doorway, and replace with square head wood door according to original brick jambs approximately 16" wider that existing opening, details to suitable precedent.

South Wall

Wall Surface: The wall is of brick. The brick and the brick bond is roughly similar to that on the east wall (see below), but here some of the lower courses are laid in a rough Flemish bond. The 60 wall is in good condition, with no cracks and no appreciable deterioration.

Windows: There is one window opening (Window #8) roughly in the center of the wall, opening into the crawl space under the Shed Addition. The modern sash and frame have recently been removed. The brick sill has been reworked with cement mortar, but the jambs are original.

RECOMMENDATION: Patch and repoint wall as necessary. Whitewash wall. Install new frame and batten shutter (no grille) in basement Window #10, using Window #2 as precedent.

East Wall

Wall Surface: The wall is of brick, height and joints as North Wall, extending two courses below modern concrete floor, or 7'-6" from bottom of brick to bottom of sill. The entire wall is of English bond, with tooled joints throughout. There are several serious vertical cracks which occur approximately four stretchers on either side of the summer beam. The wall seems stable, however, and the bricks are in fairly good condition. In the eighth and ninth courses off the concrete floor are two more holes roughly corresponding to those in the north wall. These are in the north half of the wall, and were filled with brick rubble and 19th century mortar, although the mortar did not match that found in the holes on the North Wall. There are no openings in this wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Patch, repair and repoint wall as necessary. Whitewash wall. Install two wood brackets and wood shelf (see North Wall).

Floor: The floor is covered with a thin (1" to 2") skim coat of concrete. Under the concrete, portions of which have been removed for investigation and inspection, there are fragments of an 18th or 19th 62 century brick floor.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide concrete slab floor since this area is not going to be exhibition space, and will house all mechanical equipment. Floor height to be determined.

Ceiling

There is no finished ceiling. The joints, beams and the undersides of the 1st floor floorboards have many coats of whitewash. The joints to the south of the east-west summer beam are modern replacement, presumably supplanting members badly damaged by termites. All structural members in the ceiling show termite damage except the modern replacement. Some are only slightly affected, while other are deteriorated to one half of their depth. The bottom surfaces of the floorboards above are notched to fit the individual joints and beams. There are evidences that the ceiling was at one time lathed and plastered.

RECOMMENDATION: Framing to be reinforced as necessary, with no attempt to conceal or disguise modern members, since the basement of the building is not to be exhibition space. Plaster ceiling.

North Wall

Wall Surface: The wall is of brick, roughly 28-½ courses or approximately 7'-4" from the concrete floor to the sill. Bricks are 2-3/8" x 4-3/8" x 9", five courses equalling 15". The wall is of rough English bond. A modern brick partition enclosing a modern lavatory was built across the north end of the Center Passage in the 20th century, but this had been removed at the time of acquisition, and only the plumbing 63 stubs in the floor and wall were still in evidence. The wall has been heavily reworked and rebuilt, especially near the floor, to accommodate sewer and drain lines. There are no openings in this wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Rebuild wall as necessary after removal of existing sewer and drain lines. Patch and repoint old work as necessary. Whitewash wall.

West Wall

Wall Surface: This wall was originally a reflected version of the east wall (see below), but in the major 19th century alterations most of the wall was removed. Roughly three feet at the north end of the wall remain, in good condition, showing the original rough English bond. Beyond that point to the south the wall was completely removed to approximately three feet from the south wall, and a brick pier inserted in the center to carry the summer beam in the ceiling framing. The south portion of the remaining wall shows the same characteristics as the north portion, and is in fairly good condition.

Doors: Originally there was a door in this wall, in the corresponding position to the door in the east wall. A door here is attested to by the fact that there would have been no other way to enter this room in the building as first constructed, and in the wear conditions in the framing over the door location, and over the original wall on either side.

RECOMMENDATION: Remove existing brick pier. Rebuild wall to match east wall (see East Wall), matching coursing, joints, etc. to existing portions of wall. Patch and repoint existing positions of wall as necessary. Provide door frame to match new door frame in east wall, detail to suitable 64 precedent. Whitewash wall. Note: Retrieve modern shelf of 18th century materials now on north existing portion of wall for possible use as trim precedent in 1st and 2nd floor rooms.

South Wall

Wall Surface: The south wall is partially taken up with a modern bulkhead opening against the east wall. The west portion of the wall is original and intact, with only minor patching in the lower portion. The wall is of rough English bond corresponding to the other walls in this room.

Bulkheads: The bulkhead opening existing in this wall is modern, as is the brick arch over it. The west jamb has been reworked, but the east jamb, which lines with the east wall of the Passage, is the jamb of the original bulkhead to this building. The jamb is patched and reworked heavily.

RECOMMENDATION: Patch and repoint existing portion of wall as necessary. Remove modern brick arch and, since the original bulkhead in this location was removed before the proposed restoration date, infill existing opening with brickwork of suitable character to indicate that an opening originally existed at this point. Whitewash wall.

East Wall

Wall Surface: The wall is of brick, corresponding in bond and brick size to the north wall. The wall is largely original, the exceptions being patching scattered across the wall and the altered and rebuilt south jamb and modern arch of the existing doorway. The wall is 66 in a stable condition, although this face of the wall is extremely deteriorated. Under the summer beam in the center a wood post has been inserted against the wall, to carry the beam where its connection over the brickwork has failed. Modern water and soil pipes run up the wall just south of the present door opening, and across the wall to the ceiling to the north corner. Note: In the existing doorway there is a step down of roughly 4" in the concrete floor into this room, resulting in the concrete floor apparently being within 2" of the bottom of the brick walls.

Doors: See East Room, West Wall, Doors.

RECOMMENDATION: Remove soil and water pipes. Remove wood summer beam support. Remove mortar patches and patch and repoint wall as necessary. Rework and reconstruct doorway as noted in East Room, West Wall, Doors.

Floor: The floor of this room is covered with a thin skim of concrete. This has been removed in places by the investigators, to try to locate original flooring and the foundation of the west wall. Some brick paving, of 18th or 19th century date was found.

RECOMMENDATION: Since this area is not to be exhibition space but is to be used for mechanical equipment, provide a concrete slab floor, height to be determined.

Ceiling

There is no finish ceiling. The original ceiling framing is mostly in place, and is badly deteriorated by termites. The condition of the original joints is especially poor at the connections to the summer beam, and modern framing has been added to the sides of 68 most of the joints. There is nailing evidence to indicate that this ceiling was plastered.

RECOMMENDATION: Rework original framing as necessary, preserving original materials as possible. Remove all existing water and sewer piping from the ceiling. Plaster ceiling.

North Wall

Wall Surface: The north wall is of brick, roughly 28-½ courses high from the modern concrete floor to the bottom of the sill. The brick size is approximately 2-3/8" x 4-3/8" x 9", five courses equalling 15: The wall is laid up in English bond above and rough Flemish bond below, approximately matching the East Room, North Wall, and h[cut off] tooled joints. The bottom half of the wall is parged with cement plaster. A modern brick partition enclosing a modern lavatory and shower was in place across the east portion of the wall at the time the building was acquired, but this was removed to facilitate investigation. The wall is in fairly good condition, with some patching, and some missing bricks in the top courses near the west end of the wall.

Windows: There were originally two windows in this wall. The east window (Window #3) retains its original frame and grille, although the sill is very deteriorated. The brick jambs and sill of this window are original, little disturbed. The west window (Window #4) was bricked up in the 19th century, and the window unit removed, probably at the time of the major alterations when the front door and porch were added at this location. Before the window was bricked up, however, the interior brick sill was lowered three courses, and this condition still 69 remains. The jambs are still in place, although cut down three more courses as noted above.

RECOMMENDATION: Remove cement plaster parging. Patch and repoint wall as necessary. Patch and repair east window #3 and replace sill. Provide new window unit in window #4, using window #2 as precedent. Raise brick sill on Window #4 to proper level. Whitewash wall.

West Wall

Wall Surface: The wall is of brick, height and bond roughly matching that on north wall. Five courses below the sill there is a rowlock course not found in any other wall in the building, and at present not explained. The wall is in fairly good condition, although some of the brick in the upper center of the wall are deteriorated more than the rest, and there is a substantial full length vertical crack just south of the center.

Doors: At the north end of the wall a modern brick-arched opening with modern wood doors and reproduction-type hardware leads to the West Room. Although all features of the existing opening were new, evidence was found, principally in the plate above, that this was the site of an earlier opening, in all likelihood constructed for access to the West Room from the existing basement when the existing Western Addition was built.

RECOMMENDATION: Patch, repair and repoint wall as necessary. Repair existing opening to West Room with brickwork to match existing. Whitewash wall.

South Wall

Wall Surface: The wall is of brick, height and bond roughly matching that on the north wall. What remains of the original wall is in 70 good condition, with little deterioration and no cracks.

Bulkheads: There was a window in this wall in the building as first constructed, but shortly thereafter the original bulkhead beside the rear door was closed up and another opened in this wall, obliterating the window and a good deal of the wall around and below it. This bulkhead is not now represented by any physical evidence within the structure of the building, although archaeological investigations have turned up enough evidence to assure us of its definite presence. This bulkhead remained in place throughout the 18th Century. In the 19th century, probably at the time of the major alterations, the opening was enlarged, destroying the bulkhead jambs and a new and larger root or coal cellar was created outside the building wall. How long this lasted is not know, but when the building was acquired the wall had been rebuilt, and a modern basement window had been inserted in roughly the same location as the original window had been.

RECOMMENDATION: Patch and repoint original portions of walls as necessary. Since the original window was gone and the bulkhead was in place by the proposed restoration date, reconstruct the bulkhead, using the available evidence to determine size and location, detail to appropriate precedent. Rebuild brick bulkhead jambs to match surrounding original work. Whitewash wall.

East Wall

Wall Surface: The wall was of brick, and as noted in Center Passage, West Wall, was largely destroyed at the time of the 19th century alterations. In this room this operation involved the demolition 71 of the original west center chimney, as well as the remainder of the wall, excepting only approximately three feet at each end. Framing evidences indicate that the chimney which was destroyed was a reflected twin of the chimney whose basement portion still exists in the East Room. When the chimney was destroyed only a small angled fragment remained, at the north end of the cut off section of wall at the south end, jutting northwest into the Middle Room approximately one foot. Archaeological investigations have indicated that the chimney was completely obliterated, not even subfloor portions remaining. The remaining portions of the wall are in good condition, of height and bonding as noted in North Wall.

Doors: See Center Passage, West Wall, Doors.

RECOMMENDATION: Patch and repoint existing wall as necessary. Rebuild wall now destroyed to match original condition of East Wall, Center Passage, reversed. Rebuilt chimney foundation walls and relieving arches, using existing east chimney for precedent, and marks existing in ceiling framing for location. Whitewash wall.

Floor

Same as Center Passage, Floor.

Ceiling

There is no finish ceiling, although lath nails in the joints indicate that the ceiling was lathed and plastered at some time. The lath nails were too deteriorated to indicate any approximate date. The original ceiling framing is in place, affected by termites to varying degrees, some members barely affected and others eaten away to one-half their depth. The framing connections at the chimney girts, which remain although the chimney is destroyed, are in poor condition. There is 19th 72 century framing within the area of the original chimney. At the west wall, south of the centerline of the wall, two east-west headers have been inserted, roughly three feet apart from the wall to the second joist, the first joist being cut off. The original purpose of this framing is not known, although it is possible that it served to frame a trap door to raise stored materials from the basement to the first floor.

RECOMMENDATION: Existing framing to remain, reinforced with modern materials as necessary. Remove framing within chimney area, in order to rebuild chimney. Remove brick pier in center of room. Plaster ceiling.

North Wall

Wall Surface: The wall is of brick, ___' - ___" high from modern concrete floor to the top of the sill. Brick size is approximately 2-5/8" x 4-3/8" x 9". Five courses equalling ____". The wall is 13" thick for 15 courses below the sill, and from that point down is approximately 16" thick. The modern concrete floor extends ____" below the bottom course of the wall. The entire wall is covered with many coats of whitewash, and the lower, thicker portion of the wall (which projects 1-½" inside the upper wall) is covered with cement parging. The bonding of the upper wall is rough English, as it is in the lower wall behind the parging, as shown where the parging has been stripped away for investigation. The character of the brickwork in the lower half of the wall at the west end indicates that the west one-third of this room was not fully excavated until some time in the 19th century.

Windows: There are two windows in the north wall. The east window (Window #5) retains its original frame and grille, although the sill is badly deteriorated, and its brick jambs and sill have been reworked and cement plastered. The same notes hold true for the west window (Window #6) and in both cases a modern sash has been added on the inside of the frame.

Bulkheads: There is a bulkhead inserted in the wall near the west corner. This bulkhead is entirely modern, and is known to have been constructed in the 1940's. There is no evidence for an original window at this point.

RECOMMENDATION: Remove cement parging. Rebuild, patch and repoint wall as necessary. Rework window jambs and sills as necessary. Re-use existing window grilles and frames, and replace deteriorated sills, using existing as precedent. Provide batten shutters on interior of window frames. Remove modern bulkhead, and rebuild wall to match surrounding. Whitewash wall. Note: Since the basement is not to be used as exhibition space, but will house mechanical equipment, it seems proper to retain the full depth basement in the west end of the room, although this condition evidently did not occur in the 18th century.

West Wall

Wall Surface: The wall is of brick, height, bonding, etc. of the upper wall corresponds to North wall. Here, too, the lower portion of the wall is parged with cement, and the brick beneath indicate that this end of the room was originally not excavated to fall depth. The wall 76 has been covered with many coats of whitewash, and is in poor condition, with a severe vertical full length crack just north of the existing window, and a pronounced bulge into the room in the center. A modern stair against the north end of the wall, leading to a trap door above, was removed just prior to acquisition (see 1st floor notes, Great Room, Floor).

Windows: There is a basement window roughly in the center of the west wall. Investigation has shown that the unit is of 19th and 20th century parging, and indicates that there was no opening here in the original construction.

RECOMMENDATION: Rebuild wall as necessary, patching and repointing original work as possible and matching new masonry work to existing. Remove existing window unit and rebuild wall to match surrounding.

South Wall

Wall Surface: The wall is of brick. The remaining original construction roughly corresponds to that of the north wall with respect to height, bonding, brick size, etc. The wall has been extensively reworked (see below), and what remains of the original fabric is in fair condition.

Bulkheads: Shortly after this portion of the building was completed, a bulkhead was inserted in the wall, east of the center at the probable location of an earlier basement window. Before this was done, the only access to this room seem to have been through the entrance cut into the original west wall of the original building. This bulkhead was superseded in the late 18th century by a smaller one inserted in the same location, obscuring most of the indications of its predecessor. Both brick jambs have been reworked to such a degree that, in the existing 77 building, the only indications of the bulkhead are in the bottom of the plate, and in the brick wall at the bottom of the bulkhead. These indications, however, and evidence uncovered by archaeology outside the wall, give us a reasonably true picture of the size and location of the bulkhead. The smaller, second bulkhead was itself closed up and superseded by a new one some 10 feet to the west, probably at the location of an earlier window, in the first half of the 19th century. Some indications of this third bulkhead are to be found, but it, too, was altered and rebuilt, probably when the rear porches were added to the building in the 1930's. This is the basement door and bulkhead which exists today.

RECOMMENDATION: Patch, repair and repoint original portions of wall which remain. Remove existing door and bulkhead, rebuild wall, and provide basement window with interior batten shutter, using Window #5 as precedent. Provide new bulkhead at original bulkhead location as noted above, using existing evidence for location and size, detail to appropriate precedent.

East Wall

Wall Surface: The wall is of brick, corresponding generally to the remaining exterior basement walls of the Original Building in height, bond, joints, etc. The wall is basically original, the major exception being at the north end of the wall, where the above-mentioned opening was cut through shortly after the Western Addition was built. The wall is in good condition. The lower portion of the wall has the same cement parging as noted on the other walls in this room. Projecting from the center of the wall is a large chimney foundation, roughly nine feet wide, and 78 projecting from the wall more than six feet. This structure is laid up in rough English bond, and originally had a relieving arch over its recess. This recess seems to have originally been the full depth of the structure back to the west wall of the original building, but at some time in the 19th century a flat iron lintel was installed under the relieving arch, a cross wall was inserted roughly two feet back from the face of the foundation, and a flue was broken through the arch into the inner hearth of the Great Room fireplace, which was partially infilled to provide a continuation of this makeshift flue. The resulting basement fireplace seems to have been used as a kitchen fireplace, to judge from the 19th century iron hooks attached to the iron lintel. The original relieving arch is still partly in place over the infill, and the jack arch to support the hearth in the Great Room is intact, only lightly patched.

RECOMMENDATION: Remove parging from wall. Patch and repoint wall as necessary. Rebuild jambs in opening to Middle Room. Remove lintel and infill and rebuild relieving arch in chimney foundation, and remove 19th century rear wall of fireplace. Patch, repair and repoint chimney foundation as necessary. Repair or reset jack arch as necessary. Whitewash wall.

Floor

The floor of the West Room is covered with a thin skim coat of concrete, put down over various types of fill and rubble. In several locations where the concrete floor is raised (see below) remnants of brick flooring of indeterminate age survive. The floor in this room is roughly 4" below the floor in the Middle Room, except in several 79 locations. The floor is raised roughly 3" in the recess on the south side of the chimney foundation, roughly 7" within the existing fireplace, roughly 4" in an area approximately 9' wide and 4'-6" deep in front of the fireplace, roughly 5" in an 8' x 10' rectangle in front of the modern bulkhead door in the North Wall, and roughly 5" under a large wood post in the center of the room (see Ceiling).

RECOMMENDATION: Since the room is not for exhibition purposes, and will be used for mechanical equipment and staff lavatories, remove existing concrete floor and provide new concrete slab floor, height as determined.

Ceiling

The ceiling framing in this room is original, and is in good condition, having been less attacked by termites than other basement ceiling framing in the building. On the west wall near the northwest corner, one joint has been cut and two short headers inserted to frame a trap door in the floor of the Great Room above. This is a modern opening, and represents the only significant alteration of the ceiling framing. In the center of the room a large wood post has been inserted under the summer beam. This is a modern addition, presumably to counteract a sag in the framing. Nailing indications showed the ceiling to have been plastered in the 19th or 20th century.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce framing as necessary, retaining original materials in place. Remove modern wood post in center of room. Plaster ceiling. Whitewash ceiling.

North Wall

Framing: Original, in good condition.

Windows:

Window #101: Sash, interior backband and stool modern. East and west wood pulley original. (Note: East pulley removed to Architects Office for study.) Frame original. Paint line on frame indicates that original backband was 1-¼" wide all around frame. Note: Original backband profile may be obtained from old window trim found in roof (raised) of Shed Addition, and in the 19th century north wall of the existing Middle room.

Window #102: Same as Window #101.

RECOMMENDATION: Remove existing sash and replace with new sash, using window #105 as precedent. Remove existing trim, repair frame as necessary, and provide new backband, precedent as noted above.

Trim:

Existing baseboard is 6" high, with no bead, and is obviously modern.

RECOMMENDATION: Replace with beaded base height as per nailing evidence.

Existing chairboard is 4-½" high, 34" off floor, beaded top and bottom.

RECOMMENDATION: Retain existing chairboard, patched as necessary.

Nailing evidence was found for a pegboard at roughly 6'-9" off the floor.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide beaded pegboard, using appropriate precedent.

Note: No evidence was found for a cornice in this room, or in any room in the building.

Lath:

Original lath was basically in place on this wall, and showed no signs of structural disturbance.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

Note: Almost all lath has now been removed from the building to more completely study the framing. Complete photographic coverage was made at the time that 19th and 20th century lath had been removed from the building, and original 18th century lath still remained.

West Wall

Framing: Framing original except for alterations at door and corner cupboard. Second stud from north wall badly damaged by termites.

Doors: Door frame and door to hall is 19th century, inserted at time stair was built. This opening is somewhat north of the original door location. The framing for this original door is virtually intact, with the exception of the north jamb, which is sawn off below the door head.

RECOMMENDATION: Remove existing door and frame, patch and repair original frame, and provide door and trim to appropriate precedent.

Trim: Baseboard, chairboard and cornice: Same as North Wall. No pegboard, however, as evidence of this feature appears only on the north wall. South end of wall shows shelf supports for corner cupboard dating from late 18th century, altered to larger size in 19th century.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide baseboard and chair board same as North Wall. Provide corner cupboard, size and location as per marks in framing; details to appropriate precedent.

Lath: 18th century lath was basically in place except for that removed when door location was moved.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

Southwest Wall

Framing: Brick chimney. This chimney was rebuilt in the latter part of the 18th century (see the account books of Humphrey Harwood). The mortar used in this rebuilding has little lime and is very poor, resulting in another rebuilding in the 19th century, probably at the time of the major alterations to the building. Removal of successive infilling in the fireplace indicated the actual dimensions of the opening in this second chimney, and also showed that this fireplace, like the others in the building, had rounded rear corners. The entire chimney mass was in dangerous condition, with large cracks and ominous bulges, and has been girdled in wood and steel to allow for architectural investigations and to preserve it for restoration. Existing hearth is modern.

RECOMMENDATION: Rebuild fireplace to dimensions indicated by surviving 18th century brickwork remaining in chimney. Patch, repair and fill chimney as necessary for safety, retaining all original material possible. Provide new hearth to fit 18th century framing indications.

Trim: When the 19th century mantel and the modern plaster and wallpaper over it were removed, careful investigation showed that the overmantel had been panelled, and that the arrangement of the panelling could be determined with some certainty by nail holes and extant nails found in the brickwork. No indication of the design of the fireplace mantel or surround were found.

RECOMMENDATION: Panel chimney breast using suitable precedent for panel profile, arrangement of panels to be determined by extant nailholes and nails in brickwork. Provide marble fireplace surround to appropriate precedent, considering use and character of room.

South Wall

Framing: Framing is mostly original above line of door head all across the wall (see Doors). Below this line framing is partly replacement, partly original relocated.

Doors: The door to the rear room was originally at the west end of the wall near the fireplace. When the rear wall of the rear room was removed to provide a larger room, however, the bottom chord of the truss over this room dropped (see Framing Notes). When this happened, the partition was put in compression, and the door evidently began to stick as the partition 89 racked and dropped. The studs were cut to relieve the pressure, but in the 19th century the door was moved to the east end of the wall, where it continued to bind. Existing door is 19th century, but trim is 18th century, probably moved from original location. The left jamb stud at the original location is in place, the right one is missing. Cuts in the chair board and baseboard attest to the exact position of the original door casing.

RECOMMENDATION: Relocate original door trim in original location. Remove existing door and rebuild wall at that location. New door to appropriate precedent, sized to fit existing trim. Existing trim patched and repaired as necessary.

Trim: Baseboard and chair board: Same as North Wall.

Lath: 18th century lath was in place above line of door head. Below that line no 18th century lath was in evidence, due to the changes in the location of the door.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster Wall. East Wall

East Wall

Framing: The framing is basically original, in good condition. One stud has been cut at the right jamb of the inserted window.

Windows: 19th century window inserted at south end of wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Remove window, frame and trim, and patch wall.

Trim: Baseboard and chair board: same as North Wall.

Lath: 18th century lath was in place above chair board except for that removed when 19th century window was inserted. 18th century lath in center section below chair board removed.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

Floor

Existing flooring roughly 7-½" wide yellow Pine board. Flooring is in generally good condition. The existing hearth was modern, and has been removed.

RECOMMENDATION: Re-use existing flooring, pieced out and patched with antique flooring to match. Provide new brick hearth, size and shape as indicated in existing masonry and on framing.

Ceiling

Framing original and in good condition, except where truss chord has dropped, racking connections. 18th century lath was mostly in place, and showed no signs of structural alterations.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce ceiling framing as necessary. Plaster ceiling.

North Wall

All notes for this wall: see Bullhead Room, South Wall.

Northwest Wall

Framing: see Bullhead Room, Southwest Wall.

Trim: When the chimney was stripped of plaster, no evidence of panelling came to light. Bricks around the fireplace opening still had smooth mortar on them, with indications that the fireplace may have had a marble surround. Other than this, and the basic size of the fireplace opening, there is no evidence as to the design of the original. Existing hearth is modern.

RECOMMENDATION: Design a simple marble fireplace surround, in keeping with the secondary nature of the room, using appropriate precedent.

Lath: At the southwest end of this wall was a short section of 18th century lath on studs. This material was basically original, and matched the other lathed and plastered surfaces in this room.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster chimney breast and frame wall section.

West Wall

Framing: The framing of the west wall to the original rear wall of the building is mostly original, in satisfactory condition. The framing of the west wall of the Shed Addition is partly original, but is in an amazing state of confusion. This wall was originally the east end of the porch across the rear 92 facade of the building. When the Shed Addition was built., the framing was carried over the existing, and there still exists a cut line indicating the pitch of the original porch roof. The framing in the wall has been haphazardly patched over the years, however, and is in very poor condition.

RECOMMENDATION: The framing in the west wall of the Shed Addition will need to be reworked and strengthened.

Doors: The door frame and door to the hall is in the approximate location of the original door, but is late, and is larger than the original and was probably inserted when the stair was changed. The door frame in the west wall of the Shed Addition is modern, although there is an 18th century door from another location and much cut down in place.

RECOMMENDATION: Remove both existing door frames from this wall. Patch shed addition wall. Insert new door and frame at original location connecting to hall, door and trim to appropriate precedent.

Trim: 18th century beaded baseboard and chair board in place.

RECOMMENDATION: Patch and repair base and chair board as necessary.

Lath: 18th century lath was in place on the entire west wall with the exception of north of the hall door. Some of the lath on the wall of the Shed Addition was re-used.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

South Wall

Framing: The framing of the south wall only partly original, and is in very poor condition due to insects and water intruding into the wall. Investigation of the sill and plate and of the original members in place has shown that, when the Shed Addition was first built, there were two openings in it, a window to the east and a door to the west. This condition was soon changed, however. The door and window were eliminated, and two new larger windows were inserted, roughly symmetrical on the wall. Some time in the 19th century these windows were themselves supplanted by a new pair of windows, larger and of definite 19th century character.

RECOMMENDATION: The entire wall will need to be reworked, saving original framing material in retainable condition.

Doors: As noted above, there was one door in the original construction. This is ^has completely disappeared, however, and since it was probably gone by the date to which the building will be restored, the door will not appear in the restoration.

Windows: Reframe the wall to receive the two windows which supplanted the original openings, ^{as noted above}.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide two windows, ^{size and location as} indicated ^shown by framing indications, details and profiles using window #105 as ^suitable precedent.

Trim: Same as West Wall.

Lath: Much 18th century lath, probably dating from the second set of openings, remained in place, as well as some re-used 18th century lath.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

East Wall

Framing: The framing in the east wall is mostly original, in good condition, and has been altered in two places. Just south of the north wall there was originally a small window (Window #116) which has been removed and the opening filled. In the wall of the Shed Addition just south of the pilaster is a window (Window #115) now filled in (see Windows).

[PARAGRAPH ON WINDOWS MARKED THROUGH]

^{See Attached Sh. #12A}

Draft -12A

Windows: As noted above there was a small window (Window # 116) just south of the east-west cross wall, which was originally matched by a window in the corresponding location on the west wall of the Original Building. The window in the east wall of the Shed Addition (Window # 115) was originally housed in the original rear wall of the original south-east room, and was inserted in the east wall of the Shed Addition when the Shed Addition was built. This window was later removed and a smaller and lower window inserted, and eventually the wall was completely closed.

RECOMMENDATION: Window #115: Provide new window, size and location as indicated by existing framing, using Window # 105 as precedent for sash, and Window # 101 as precedent for frame and trim details. ^{Trim detail precedent as noted for Window #101.}

Window #116: Same as Window #115.

[REMAINDER OF PARAGRAPH "WINDOWS" CROSSED THROUGH]

^{See Attached Sheet #12A}

Trim: Baseboard and chair board: same as North Wall. At the line of the original rear wall of the original southeast room there is a pilaster supporting the plate which is now acting (barely) as a beam. This pilaster is eased with original beaded trim which dates from its insertion.

RECOMMENDATION: All existing trim work to remain, patched and pieced as necessary.

Lath: 18th century lath was still in place except at the locations of the openings noted above.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

Floor

Existing flooring 7" - 10" yellow pine boards. Flooring is in generally good condition, with some deterioration, especially at original rear wall line. The existing hearth was modern, and has been removed.

RECOMMENDATION: Re-use existing flooring, pieced out and patched with antique flooring to match. Provide new hearth, size and location as per masonry and framing indications.

Ceiling

Framing in oldest portion original, in good condition except where truss chord has dropped, racking joints. Framing in Shed Addition is of varying age and quality. The pitch of the roof of the Shed Addition was raised slightly, probably in the 19th century, and inserted in the new framing were several pieces of 18th century interior window casing. This alteration probably took place at the same time as the major alterations to the building in the 19th century. 18th century lath was basically in place on the ceiling of the original portion of the ceiling, but in the Shed Addition only the lath in the west 3' was in place.

RECOMMENDATION: Rework framing for roof and Shed Addition to lower level. Reinforce and replace ceiling framing as necessary. Plaster ceiling.

North Wall

Framing: The framing of the front wall of the Center Passage is original, and is in good condition above the floor line. Both heavy studs which form the original front door jambs are in place and show indications of their original use (see Doors).

Doors: The studs mentioned above have original paint on them, and on the interior have a paint line which provides the projection of the original backband, as well as paint lines and nail marks for the original H or HL hinges. The transom bar is missing, but its indications on the jambs are perfectly evident, as are the indications of the head member. The doors themselves are, of course, missing, as this opening was converted into a window in the major alterations of the 19th century.

RECOMMENDATION: Re-use existing jambs, provide new doors, transom, bar and trim, using door #114 as precedent.

Trim: No 18th century trim remained on this wall, which had become the wall of a bathroom inserted under the 19th century stairs.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide new baseboard and chair board, using trim in Mr. Page's Room as precedent.

Lath: No original lath remained on this wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

West Wall

General Note: In the major alterations in the 19th century, the entire west wall of the Center Passage was destroyed. The west center chimney, whose back formed part of the wall, was completely removed, the north frame portion was removed to form the new front hall, and the south frame portion was removed when the original door there was eliminated.

Framing: The entire existing framing, with the exception of the plate, is new.

Doors: No doors now exist in the west wall. The south portion of the wall is blank, and the north portion is completely removed to make way for the 19th century front hall and stair. Originally this wall was a reflection of the east wall (see East Wall), with two doors, one into the Chamber and one into the Middle Room.

RECOMMENDATION: Rebuild wall to match original condition in east wall. Provide two doors, sizes and locations as determined by marks on framing and matching those to be provided in east wall, details to suitable precedent.

Trim: Existing trim on this wall is modern.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide beaded baseboard, chair board and peg board, using existing examples in Mr. Page's Room as precedent. Peg board height as in Bullhead Room, details to suitable precedent.

Lath: No 18th century lath in original location was in place on this wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

South Wall

Framing: The framing of the south wall is largely original, although it was disturbed by the relocation of the rear door in the 19th century. The original west stud-jamb of the original rear door is in place, and the original east stud-jamb exists, although it has been cut and moved to the west to accommodate the 19th century door.

Doors: As noted above, part of the frame of the original door is in place, and the other jamb exists. Because of the stair condition (see Stairs), the door had no transom. The entire existing door unit is of the 19th century.

RECOMMENDATION: Remove existing door and frame and patch wall. Replace existing east jamb of original door, patch and piece out frame as necessary, and replace door using door #114 as precedent for details and profiles.

Trim: No 18th century trim appeared on this wall at the time of acquisition.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide baseboard and chair board, using existing material in Mr. Page's Room as precedent.

Lath: No original lath remained in place on this wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

East Wall

Framing: For frame portions of wall see Framing notes in Bullhead Room and Mr. Page's Room. The center portion of this wall is made up of the rear of the large triangular chimney whose fireplaces open in the Bullhead Room and Mr. Page's Room. This chimney, as noted above, was in very precarious condition, and bulged noticeably into the Passage.

RECOMMENDATION: The frame portions of the wall are in generally satisfactory condition, and should be reinforced as necessary and reworked to provide for openings in their original locations. The masonry part of the wall should be repaired as noted in Southwest Wall, Bullhead Room .

Note: For indications of original stair on this wall, and in the Center Passage in general, see Stairs.

Note: Existing arch across hall at south side of upper run of 19th century stair is contemporary with the stair, and should be removed with it.

Doors: See Door notes in Bullhead Room and Mr. Page's Room.

Trim: No 18th century trim was on this wall at the time of acquisition.

Lath: Some 18th century lath remained on the east wall, primarily north of the existing door into the Bullhead Room, and over the head of the door into Mr. Page's Room.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

Stairs

The existing stair in Mr. Wetherburn's Tavern is of 19th century origin. It had always been assumed that the original stair rose from the Center Passage, but until the building was carefully stripped for architectural investigations, the position, type, slope, etc. remained unknown. Investigations now complete have shown conclusively that the stair rose in a long flight against the east wall of the Center Passage to a landing near the rear wall, up one riser at the landing, and up a shorter flight to the second floor, not tight against the west wall of the Passage, but away from it by about 20". The following is a list of the more important architectural finds which lead to the determination of the design of the original stair:

• 1.A cut for the first riser was found in the original framing in the east wall, roughly 3' south of the of the original door to the Bullhead Room.
• 2.Two lines were found scribed in the brickwork of the chimney in the east wall, indicating the location and slope of the stringer as it was applied to this wall.
• 3.A recess was found in the brickwork which would properly receive a framing member to carry the leading edge of the landing.
• 106
• 4.Notches were found in the framing of the South wall to indicate a furred ceiling under the stair landing.
• 5.In the original second floor framing, a member was found which would line with the back of the landing. The member had notches in it which seem to have held verticals from which the landing would be suspended.
• 6.Another member was found in the second floor framing, notched in a similar manner, roughly 20" away from the west wall. Verticals hung from these notches would have carried the side of the landing independently, free of the west wall.
• 7.In line with the above notches the side of the above member had indications of the ends of several laths at a definite angle, an angle which, when projected to the proposed landing, produced a slope almost identical with the scribed line on the brick.
• 8.Roughly 3'-4" east of the above noted indication of the upper landing, a large spike was found still imbedded in the beam, with scribed marks on either side on it, indicating the location and size of the upper newel.
• 9.The negative evidence; namely that no indications of any other stair size or location were encountered.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide a complete stair assembly, designed and sized to fit all existing indications and conditions, details and profiles to appropriate precedent.

Note: The above explanation is a good example of the way a major building feature can be accurately reconstructed even though, as in this case, not a single physical fragment of it remains.

Floor

The existing floor in the Center Passage is in poor condition, and has been much replaced and patched. The original flooring in evidence is roughly 7-½" wide, edge grain yellow pine.

RECOMMENDATION: Re-use existing 18th century flooring as possible, pieced out and patched with antique flooring to match.

Ceiling

The framing of the ceiling is almost totally reworked; new members added when the original stair was removed, and old work cut out when the new stair was added (actually at the same time). Only a little of the original framing can remain in place, namely the original floor framing south of the line of the stair landing, and the beam and adjacent members just north of the second floor landing of the original stair. No 18th century lath was in place on this ceiling.

RECOMMENDATION: Retain existing 18th century framing members in place, and reframe floor as necessary. Remove later floor framing in 18th century stairwell location. Plaster ceiling.

North Wall

Framing: Much of the framing of the north wall of the Middle Room has been reworked or removed to accommodate the 19th century front door assembly now in place. Marks in the plate and the sill indicate that this wall originally held two windows reflecting those in the Bullhead Room. Several studs on either side of the existing front door are original.

RECOMMENDATION: Remove existing front door assembly and rework wall for two windows as per indications on framing.

Doors: This wall originally contained no doors.

RECOMMENDATION: Remove existing 19th century door assembly ^{and reframe wall for original windows}.

Windows: As noted in Framing, two windows originally resided in this wall, matching those in the Bullhead Room. These were removed in the major alterations to the building in the 19th century, when the present door assembly was inserted. The west window (Window #104) was re-used in the location of the original front door, which was closed at that time, and the frame is still extant (minus its original sash, trim, and pulleys). It has been removed for investigation. Nothing of the other window (Window #103) remains.

[PARAGRAPH HEADED "RECOMMENDATION" CROSSED THROUGH]

^{See Attached Sheet #23A}

Trim: There was no 18th century trim on this wall.

RECOMMENDATION: New beaded baseboard, chair board and peg board same as Trim, North Wall, Bullhead Room.

Lath: The only 18th century lath in place on this wall were several pieces applied to the plate, still in place over the existing front door assembly. At one point, these had 18th century plaster on them, overlaid with a thick layer of 19th century yellow plaster, applied when the wall was replastered after the existing front door was inserted.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

Existing South Wall of Front Hall

At the time of the extensive 19th century alterations, the original wall between the Middle Room and the Chamber was removed, along with the chimney whose fireplaces served both rooms. This removed, a new wall was built roughly nine feet to the north and a large middle room and a front hall were thereby created. This wall is wholly new, the only exception being some re-used 18th century studs and several pieces of 18th century three-member trim inserted piecemeal into the framing. The door, frame and trim are contemporary with the wall.

RECOMMENDATION: This wall should be removed, taking care to preserve the 18th century trim for study and possible re-use or copying.

RECOMMENDATION: Window # 103: Provide new window, location as per framing indications, sash using Window # 105 as precedent, frame details using Window # 101 as precedent, trim details as noted for Window # 101.

Window # 104: Replace existing frame in wall, using framing indications for location. Provide new sash, using Window # 105 as precedent, tr[im] details as noted for Window # 101.

West Wall

Framing: In the 19th century, when the major alterations were carried out, the original west wall framing was removed and reframed just within the addition, or roughly 6" to the west. It is this wall which exists today. Most of the studs in this wall were originally in the west wall of the original building and were moved as noted above.

Doors: When the Western Addition was constructed, a door was cut in this wall to give access to the Passage to Great Room. This door and frame are completely non-existent, but marks in the place give us the location and approximate size.

RECOMMENDATION: Since the Western Addition is to be part of the restored building, provide door and frame, size and location to fit marks in framing, details and profiles to suitable precedent.

Trim: In the 19th century alterations a fireplace was added to this wall to replace the ones lost when the west center chimney was removed. The flue from this fireplace was cut through the back of the existing chimney and utilized one of the two large flues of the Great Room fireplace, which was reduced in size (see Great Room notes). The existing marble mantel and fireplace is a reworking of the first fireplace, however, and date from the 1890's, when we know that the mantel was brought here from the Chiswell House. No 18th century trim exists on this wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Remove marble mantel and store in basement of house. Provide beaded base and chair board as noted in North Wall, Trim.

Lath: No 18th century lath remained in place on this wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster Wall.

South Wall

As noted above, this wall was completely destroyed in the 19th century alterations, and the only indications of it existing are nailing indications in the ceiling and west wall framing. There is every reason to believe that this wall reflected in every way its counterpart between the Bullhead Room and Mr. Page's Room.

RECOMMENDATION: Reframe wall to match wall between Bullhead Room and Mr. Page's Room. Locate doors to match door in that wall. See Bullhead Room, South Wall. Plaster wall.

Southeast Wall

The entire chimney at this location was removed in the 19th century alterations.

RECOMMENDATION: It is assumed that the fireplace and chimney breast in this room and that in the Bullhead Room would approximate each other in most major design elements. Therefore, design a fireplace, surround and panelled chimney breast using elements in the existing chimney for dimensions, and provide roughly the same treatment of surround and chimney breast, although perhaps 116 varying details to some degree as would seem likely in work of this sort. Use appropriate precedent.

East Wall

See Center Passage, West Wall.

Floor

The existing floor in this room is partly original and partly relaid old material, and is in generally good condition. It consists of roughly 7-½" wide, edge grain yellow pine boards. Existing hearth dates with 19th century fireplace.

RECOMMENDATION: Re-use existing flooring as possible, pieced out and patched with antique flooring to match. Provide new hearth for rebuilt chimney, hearth size and location to match corresponding existing indications in masonry and framing in Bullhead Room.

Ceiling

The framing of the ceiling is in good condition, and is almost totally original. The only exceptions are the area within the original chimney location, where new members have obviously been added, the chimney girt which had been removed, and the area to the north and west of it reframed. The only 18th century ceiling lath in place in this room was that to the north of the 19th century wall, where the original lath was fairly complete.

RECOMMENDATION: Remove added framing members to make way for reconstructed chimney. Replace framing around new chimney as needed, using framing around east chimney as precedent. Plaster ceiling.

North Wall

See Middle Room, South Wall.

West Wall

Framing: As noted above, the existing west wall is a relocation of the original west wall, changed in the 19th century. The studs are partly original, although again some have been relocated. The corner brace is the earlier one moved west.

RECOMMENDATION: Relocate wall framing in original location, and allow for opening (see Windows).

Windows: In the original west wall there was a small window (Window #111) just south of the north wall as shown by notches in framing. This window was balanced by one in Mr. Page's Room. When the Western Addition was built there are indications that the frame of the window, if not the sash, was left in place, perhaps to serve as a pass-through from the Bar to the Chamber. This window frame has not survived, and only framing indications give any indications 118 that this was the case.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide window frame using Window #101 as precedent and matching that to be provided in Mr. Page's Room. Provide sash, shutters or grilled opening in frame to appropriate precedent.

Trim: No 18th century trim existed in place on this wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide beaded base board and chair board to appropriate precedent.

Lath: No 18th century lath in place was found on this wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

South Wall

Framing: The framing in this wall is largely original in place, the only exception being the framing immediately abutting the 19th century window, which is wider and to the west of the original location. In the two spaces between the three studs at the east corner of the south wall there was 18th century brick nogging between the studs to a height of about four feet, or 16 courses off the sill. The nogging in the western of the two spaces was removed to the existing baseboard in recent years for the installation of a modern wall heater in this location. No apparent explanation for brick nogging in this location is available.

RECOMMENDATION: Rework framing to allow for window in original location. Replace heavy stud which supports end of truss chord. Retain brick nogging in place.

Windows: The 18th century window ^{(Window #112)} location in this wall is known, as is the location of the corresponding one in the original rear wall of the original southeast room. This window was removed at the time of the major alterations in the 19th century however, and a larger window with elaborate trim and frame inserted some 32" to the west.

RECOMMENDATION: Remove existing window, provide new window sized and located by indications in framing and using Window #105 ^{as precedent for sash and Window #101 as precedent for frame details. Trim precedent as noted.}

Trim: No 18th century trim remained in place on this wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Same as West Wall.

Lath: No 18th century lath was found in place on this wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

East Wall

Framing: See West Wall, Center Passage.

Doors: No door now exists in this wall. In the original wall, the door to the Center Passage was tight against the south wall, matching door #104 which had to be located in this manner because of the stair and landing conditions.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide door, size and location as determined by marks in framing, matching that to be provided at comparable location in east wall of Center Passage, details and profiles to suitable precedent.

Trim: No 18th century trim remained in place on this wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Same as West Wall.

Northeast Wall

As noted above, the entire chimney at this location was removed in the 19th century alterations.

RECOMMENDATION: It is assumed that the fireplace in this room would roughly approximate that in Mr. Page's Room in dimensions and major design features. Therefore, design a fireplace and mantel or surround using elements in the existing east chimney for dimensions, using appropriate precedent for details and arrangement.

Floor

See Middle Room, Floor.

Ceiling

The original ceiling framing is intact, and is in good condition. In addition, framing has been added within the space originally occupied by the chimney. No 18th century lath was in place on this ceiling.

RECOMMENDATION: Retain existing ceiling members, reinforced only as necessary. Remove modern framing within chimney space. Plaster ceiling.

North Wall

Framing: The framing of this wall has been disturbed to such a degree that little is left of the original material.

RECOMMENDATION: Reframe wall to accommodate door which originally stood in this location, using framing indications for size, location, etc., and framing on south wall of Bar for framing precedent.

Doors: When the Western Addition was built this room served as an entry, and consequently had an exterior door. All physical traces of this door are lost, although there are indications on the framing members that there was a door here and that, near the end of the 18th century, the door was removed to the Great Room and a window (Window #106) from the Great Room was inserted here. In the major 19th century alterations the window was returned to its Great Room location and the door, which had been moved there, was removed.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide new door, frame, trim, etc., using framing indications for size and location and Door #114 as precedent for details and profiles.

Trim: No 18th century trim remained in place on this wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide bead baseboard and chair board, height as shown by indications on framing of West Wall, using fragments of Great Room trim extant, and as shown on 1942 measured drawings by Architects' Office for precedent.

Lath: No 18th century lath was found in place on this wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

West Wall

Framing: The framing of the west wall is original, in fairly good condition. The bottoms of the studs are somewhat deteriorated, and will need reinforcement.

RECOMMENDATION: Re-use existing framing, reinforcing as necessary.

Doors: The door frame original to this wall is in place, although the door itself and the trim are missing. The existing door is of Greek Revival vintage, and similar to most of the 19th century horizontally panelled doors in the house, which date from the major 1800-1850 alterations.

RECOMMENDATION: Re-use existing door frame and trim, pieced out and patched as necessary. Provide new door to fit frame, door detail and profiles to suitable precedent.

Trim: No 18th century trim remained in place on this wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Same as North Wall.

Lath: 18th century lath remained over the entire wall, with the exception of the door location, and seems never to have been altered or disturbed since its application.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster Wall.

South Wall

Framing: The south wall consists of the north face of the Western Addition chimney and 19th century stud construction at the east end. For a height of possibly five feet off the floor the brick is exposed and painted red. Above this height the wall sets back roughly four inches, and was covered with modern plaster. The east end of the wall was originally frame. (dimensions?)

RECOMMENDATION: Existing brick to remain. Reframe east portion of wall.

Trim: No 18th century trim was found in place on this wall. Provide new baseboard and chair board as in North Wall.

Lath: No 18th century lath remained.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

East Wall

Framing: The framing of the east wall was entirely removed when the building was altered in the 19th century and the front hall was inserted.

RECOMMENDATION: Reframe wall as per marks in original building sill and truss chord, framing for door opening as noted below.

Doors: When the Western Addition was built, a door was cut into this wall for access between the original building and the addition. All physical remains of this door are lost, but marks in the framing indicate its location and approximate size.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide new door as noted above, using framing indications for size and location, existing door frame from door #112 for frame and trim precedent, and appropriate precedent for door.

Trim: No 18th century trim remained in place.

RECOMMENDATION: Same as North Wall.

Lath: No original lath remained.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

Floor

Existing flooring roughly 7-½" yellow pine boards, Flooring is in generally good condition.

RECOMMENDATION: Re-use existing flooring, pieced out and patched with antique flooring to match.

Ceiling

Original framing in good condition.

Note: The second floor joists in the Western Addition are deeper than those in the Original Building, and consequently in the existing front hall there is a vertical step of roughly two inches at the joint between the two sections of the building. When the West Wall of the Middle Room is reconstructed, however, this difference will not be seen. Basically all of the 18th century lath was in place on this wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce framing as necessary. Plaster wall.

North Wall

Framing: The north wall consists of the south face of the Western Addition chimney and 19th century brick infilling at the east end. The wall is of brick and frame at the east end, and the notes for the South Wall of the Passage to Great Room apply here. In addition, there were plaster indications that the set-back was not furred out, and that the entire wall was plastered.

RECOMMENDATION: Same as South Wall of Passage to Great Room.

Trim: When the building was acquired, the entire room was wainscoted with modern ceramic tile for use as a lavatory. Above the tile there was modern plaster and wallpaper. No 18th century trim was in place.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide beaded baseboard and chair board, height as shown by indications on framing of West Wall of Passage to Great Room, using extant fragments of trim from Great Room, and as shown on 1942 measured drawings by Architects' Office for precedent.

Lath: This wall was plastered directly on the brick, and on wood construction at the east wall. No original lath remained.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

West Wall

Framing: The framing of the west wall was intact when the building was acquired, but when the room was stripped it was found that the lath and plaster was actually carrying the studs, whose bases were completely deteriorated above the floor. These studs have been removed.

RECOMMENDATION: Reframe wall, using patched and repaired old material as possible.

Doors: The studs which framed the original doorway in this wall were in place although, as noted above, they were removed after they had been studied and measured. The trim on the door is not original, and probably dates from the major 19th century alterations, as does the door.

RECOMMENDATION: Re-trim doorway using appropriate precedent for profiles and detail. New door to appropriate precedent.

Trim: Same as North Wall.

Lath: The lath on this wall was almost entirely original above a line about 4'-4" off the floor. Below that lath was modern.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

South Wall

Framing: The framing of the South Wall is entirely original.

Doors: The existing door, transom, frame and trim are original, with the exception of some piecing on the door. The sill is missing. As noted in the Exterior Notes, the investigators found this door in the garage outbuilding and returned it to its proper location.

RECOMMENDATION: Piece out and repair door, frame, transom, and trim.

Trim: Same as North Wall.

Lath: The only 18th century lath remaining in place on this wall was above the line of the door head, on either side of the transom.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

East Wall

Framing: As noted above, the existing east wall was relocated some six inches to the west at the time of the 19th century alterations, re-using some of the original framing material. See Chamber, West Wall, Windows.

RECOMMENDATION: This wall is to be relocated to its original position. Reframe new wall using existing framing in proper original location as possible. Frame for window as noted in Chamber, West Wall, Windows.

Windows: See Chamber, West Wall, Windows.

Trim: See North Wall.

Lath: No 18th century lath was in place on this wall. Nails were found on a re-used stud to indicate that this wall was covered with horizontal boarding when the Western Addition was built, and the original weatherboards were removed.

RECOMMENDATION: Cover wall with flush horizontal boards.

Floor

The floor of this room is entirely original, of edge grain yellow pine boards roughly 7-½" wide. The floorboards are very badly worn, however, especially in a path between the doors. See below for special indications that this was the room which held the bar.

RECOMMENDATION: Because of its worn and deteriorated condition, the entire floor in this room should be replaced, using antique flooring to match.

Note: Following is a list of evidences to indicate that this room housed the tavern bar:

• 1.An east-west line was found on the floor just north of the door trim, indicating that there had been a bar (or some other feature) at this point.
• 2.Another line was found on the floor, north-south from the above line to the north wall, which would put it in proper location to act as a rack for barrels.
• 3.The deteriorated condition of the studs and flooring of the West Wall, and of the flooring at the original East Wall, indicate that these locations were wet for long periods of time, perhaps due to the continual pouring and filling operations at a bar. This sort of deterioration is not in evidence under other partitions in the building.
• 4.The negative evidence that nowhere else in the building has any evidence come to light to indicate 132 that the bar operation took place other than here.

It is unfortunate that the condition and the non-original quality of the West, North and East walls is such as to leave us with no clues as to possible racks and shelves above the bar.

RECOMMENDATION: Design and reconstruct a bar and all its accompanying racks, shelves, etc., using evidence noted above for general dimensions and suitable precedent for details, and for additional bar furniture, shelves, racks, etc. as deemed appropriate.

Ceiling: The ceiling framing is entirely original, as was the lath in place at the time of stripping.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce framing as necessary. Plaster ceiling.

North Wall

Framing: The framing of the north wall of the Great Room is original, in good condition.

Doors: The door which at one time temporarily replaced Window #106 (see Windows) does not belong to the period to which the building will be restored and so should not be considered for inclusion in the restored building.

Windows: The three windows in the north wall are basically original. Window #105 and #107 are completely original, and Window #106 is original with the exception of the backband, which dates from the major building 133 alterations in the 19th century. ^{The east pulleys in Windows #10[?] and #107 are original, in place.} For complete explanation, see Exterior Notes, North Elevation, Windows.

RECOMMENDATION: Repair windows as necessary and determine whether. ^Replace backband on Window #106, is of sufficiently 18th century character, although 19th century in vintage, for its retention. ^{using correspon[ding] trim on Window #105 as precedent.}

Trim: No 18th century trim remains on this wall, having been stripped off by the previous owner when the room was stripped in the 1950's.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide beaded baseboard and chair board, height as shown by indications on framing, using fragments of trim extant in building, and as shown on 1942 measured drawings by Architects' Office, for precedent.

Lath: No 18th century lath remained on this wall, as all lath and plaster war, stripped from this room in the 1950's, as mentioned above.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

West Wall

Framing: The framing of the west wall is largely original, the only exception being roughly in the center of the wall, where a non-original opening has been filled in (see Windows).

RECOMMENDATION: Repair framing at location of opening.

Windows: When the interior walls were stripped, a fragment of a frame was found above the second floor line in the wall, roughly in the center of the west wall. The frame indicated that at some time in the 18th century a window or door had been inserted in the west wall. It was known that the feature was not a part of the original fabric of the building, for existing framing had to be cut and rearranged to take it. If a window, the frame was such as to indicate that it must have had a sliding upper sash which raised into a pocket which extended above the second floor line. And if it was a door, a similar arrangement must have existed with the transom sash. See Exterior Notes, West Wall, Windows.

RECOMMENDATION: Due to the uncertain character of the opening and the likelihood that its date does not fall within the restoration dates, reframe the wall and cover opening location to match surrounding wall.

Trim: See North Wall.

Lath: See North Wall.

South Wall

Framing: The framing of the south wall is original, in good condition.

Windows: The two existing windows in the south wall are original. At the location of the third window (Window #l08). the original sash was removed, and 136 the frame partly removed, to provide a modern door into the modern kitchen. The upper part of the frame remains intact in the wall. ^{The pulley in the windows on this wall are original in place, except for the east pulley in Window #108 which has been removed to the Architects' Office, and the east pulley in Window #109, of which only fragments remain.}

RECOMMENDATION: Patch and repair existing windows and provide new sash, partial frame, trim, etc. for Window #108, using existing examples as precedent.

Trim: See North Wall.

Lath: See North Wall.

East Wall

Framing: The framing of the east wall is original to the addition, although some members have been removed (see Bar, West Wall). The framing is in poor condition, especially at the base of the studs at the south end of the wall. The center section of the wall is taken up by the chimney breast, which is in very good structural condition.

RECOMMENDATION: Reframe wall as necessary, using original material as possible.

Doors: See Passage to Great Room, West Wall, Doors and Bar, West Wall, Doors.

Trim: See North Wall for baseboard and chair board notes. The original white marble chimney piece was in place over the fireplace at the time the building was acquired. Its two marble supports had long been removed, although fragments of them have been uncovered in the rear yard by archaeological 137 138 investigation. Careful investigation of the brick above the chimney piece shows that the entire wall was originally covered with plaster, and small patches of this plaster still adhere to the bricks in places.

Note: The white marble chimney piece has been removed from the wall and crated for safety until the restoration is underway.

RECOMMENDATION: See North Wall for baseboard and chair board. Provide new matching white marble supports for the chimney piece, profile and design to be determined by recovered fragments. Patch and repair original chimney piece and replace on wall. Plaster wall above fireplace.

Lath: See North Wall.

Floor: The floor is comprised of yellow pine boards roughly 7-½" wide. The floor is mostly original, the major exception being a modern plywood door in the floor which opened to a modern basement stair now removed, against the west wall near the north corner. The existing old flooring is in fair to good condition. Existing hearth of original size, but contains modern bricks.

RECOMMENDATION: Re-use existing flooring, pieced out and patched with antique flooring to match. Replace hearth brick.

Ceiling: The ceiling framing is original, in good condition, with a few modern members added. Lath and plaster had been removed from the ceiling before the building was acquired.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce framing as necessary. Plaster ceiling.

North Wall

Framing: The framing of the north wall is original, in fairly good condition. The framing of the dormers is the original, somewhat reworked and in poor condition.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce framing as necessary. Reinforce and rework dormer framing as necessary.

Windows:

Window #201

• Window frame original.
• Diagonal corner boards original.
• Head trim original.
• Vertical corner boards modern.
• Vertical jamb trim modern.
• Sash modern.
• Sill modern.
• Stool modern.

Window #202

• Window frame original.
• Diagonal corner boards original.
• Head trim original.
• Vertical corner boards modern.
• Vertical jamb trim modern.
• Sill trim modern.
• Sash modern.
• Sill modern.
• Stool modern.

RECOMMENDATION: Retain existing original materials in place. Provide new materials to replace modern work, using existing corresponding original materials in building as precedent.

Trim: The beaded baseboard on this wall is not original. The beaded casing on the truss is original.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide new beaded base, using existing original examples in building as precedent. Retain truss casing.

Lath: The lath on the sloping ceiling and in the dormer ceiling was basically original, in place. The dormer cheeks showed no 18th century lath. The knee wall showed mixed sections of 18th and 19th century lath.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall and dormers.

West Wall

Framing: The framing of the wood portions of the west wall is basically original, except that the original door was moved to the south to accommodate the new stair in the 19th century alterations. Framing is in fair condition.

RECOMMENDATION: Rework framing to allow for door in original location.

Doors: As noted above, the door location was moved to the south in the 19th century. Existing door and frame date from 19th century.

RECOMMENDATION: Relocate door opening, provide new door, frame and trim to appropriate precedent, using indications in framing for location and size.

Trim: There is no original base on this wall. The chimney in this wall proved, upon examination, to be a 144 145 146 19th century rebuilding of a late 18th century rebuilding of the original chimney. Due to the arrangement of the first floor fireplace flues in the first rebuilding, the fireplace on this wall could not sit flush with the wall or project parallel to it. To remedy this apparent oversight the mason was forced to project this fireplace on an angle facing northeast in order to have support for it from beneath. Although there was a modern fireplace with this same arrangement at the time of acquisition, and the remains of the earlier work behind it were in very poor condition, enough remained for the investigators to determine the basic location and dimensions of the fireplace. Although these evidences occur in the first rebuilt chimney, it was thought that the 18th century date of the work was sufficient reason for its retention. Because of its precarious and dangerous condition, the chimney was removed to the middle of the second floor for safety. Fortunately, most of the masonry above that point was a product of the last rebuilding and was not 18th century material.

RECOMMENDATION: Rebuild chimney and fireplace to dimensions indicated by remaining 18th century work, and by indications in collar beam and roof framing.

Lath: The only 18th century lath remaining in place on this wall was south of the chimney, above a line roughly two feet off the floor.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall and chimney breast.

South Wall

Framing: The framing of the south wall is original, in fair condition, although the connection is racked due to the dropping of the truss chord when the wall below was removed. The framing of the dormer window is largely original, much patched and reinforced.

RECOMMENDATION: When truss is restored to proper position within the framing, reinforce the framing as necessary. Reinforce and rework dormer framing as necessary.

Windows:

Window #214

• East diagonal cornerboard (part of truss casing) original. West diagonal cornerboard modern.
• Window frame modern.
• Sash modern.
• Sill modern.
• Trim modern.
• Stool modern.
• West vertical cornerboard modern.

RECOMMENDATION: Retain existing original materials in place. Provide new materials to replace modern work, using existing corresponding original materials in building as precedent.

Trim: Same as North Wall, Trim.

Lath: On the sloping ceiling, the original lath was in place except for a 20" strip west of the dormer. The ceiling of the dormer retained its original lath. The dormer cheeks showed no original century lath in place, and the knee wall showed only a little, east of the dormer.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall and dormers.

East Wall

Framing: The framing of the east wall, as examined by the investigators from outside the wall when the modern weatherboards were removed for investigation, is original and in poor to fair condition.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce framing as necessary.

Windows: Behind the remaining plaster on this wall is the framing for two small windows which were part of the Original Building, but which were closed up shortly after the building was completed, presumably when the tenement was built immediately to the east (see Research Report). The framing for the windows is badly deteriorated.

RECOMMENDATION: Since the windows were closed up by the proposed restoration date, and since they would have to be closed again if the tenement to the east is reconstructed at some time, do not provide windows in this wall.

Trim: Same as North Wall, Trim.

Lath: At the beginning of the investigation of this building, this wall was noted to have original plaster in place, in somewhat better condition than the other remaining sections of original plaster. The decision was made to make every effort to save wall intact to act, among other things, as an example of original plastering to be copied in the remainder of the building. As investigations proceeded, however, it was shown, as noted above, that two windows had been an original part of this wall and were closed up shortly after the building was built. Therefore, the lath and plaster over the original window locations was of the 18th century, but not original. The decision was made to retain the plaster wall as is, since the inclusion of the original windows is not contemplated, as noted above.

RECOMMENDATION: Patch original plaster wall as necessary, taking care to retain all old work.

Floor

The existing floor boards are mostly about 8" wide, of edge grain yellow pine. Flooring is in only fair condition, and will need some patching and replacement. The existing brick hearth was modern, and has been removed.

RECOMMENDATION: Patch and repair floor as necessary, using antique flooring to match. Rebuild brick hearth, size and location as indicated by framing and remaining masonry.

Ceiling

The existing ceiling framing is mostly original, but is in very poor condition. Original lath was in place on south one-third of flat ceiling, in center of ceiling, and in the northeast corner. A modern fan opening exists at the east center of the ceiling.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce existing framing as necessary. Remove modern fan opening and reframe. Plaster ceiling.

North Wall

Framing: The sloping ceiling framing of this room is original, in good condition. The framing for the knee wall was removed when the 19th century stair was inserted here. The framing of the dormer is original, reworked and in generally poor condition.

RECOMMENDATION: Rebuild kneewall framing to match existing in corresponding location. Reinforce framing as necessary. Reinforce and rework dormer framing as necessary.

Windows:

Window #203

• Window frame original.
• Head trim original
• 151
• Diagonal cornerboards original.
• Vertical jamb trim modern.
• Sash modern.
• Sill modern.
• Stool modern.
• Vertical cornerboards modern.

RECOMMENDATION: Retain existing original material in place. Provide new materials to replace modern work, using existing corresponding original materials in building as precedent.

Trim: No original base remains on this wall. Existing casing on truss at west wall modern.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide new beaded base, using existing original examples in building as precedent. Existing truss will be hidden within west wall, so no casing is needed.

Lath: The original lath was almost all in place on the sloping ceiling. The dormer ceiling and cheeks retained their original lath. Since the kneewall had been removed, no lath was in evidence in that location.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce framing as necessary. Reframe kneewall. Plaster wall and dormer.

West Wall

Framing: The west wall of this room was entirely destroyed in the 19th century alterations.

RECOMMENDATION: Reframe west wall.

Lath: No original lath remained.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

South Wall

Framing: The south wall was destroyed, probably in the 19th century, but there are nailing indications in the framing to indicate that the wall occurred at the junction of the sloping ceiling and the flat ceiling. Note: There are marks on the ceiling framing to indicate that there was at one time an east-west wall some two feet to the south of the wall noted above, but this was a 19th century wall as shown by nailing indications.

RECOMMENDATION: Reframe wall, providing for door opening as indicated by stud nailing locations.

Doors: The spacing of the nailing indications, as noted above, showed a door location near the west end of this wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide new door, size and location as indicated by nailing marks, details and profiles to appropriate precedent.

Trim: Same as South Wall, Trim.

Lath: No original lath remained.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

East Wall

Framing: The framing of the east wall is original, in good condition.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce framing as necessary.

Trim: The trim which exists on this wall is 19th century trim, installed at the same time as the stairs at this location. No original trim remains.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide new beaded base, using existing original examples in building as precedent.

Lath: No original lath remained on this wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

Floor

The floor and floor framing were entirely removed in the 19th century when the stair was inserted in this location.

RECOMMENDATION: Reframe floor structure, and lay new floor or antique flooring to match original examples in the building.

Ceiling

There is no flat ceiling in this room. See North Wall.

North Wall

See Porch Chamber, South Wall.

West Wall

Framing: The west wall was completely destroyed when the major alterations were made to the building in the 19th century.

RECOMMENDATION: Reframe west wall, incorporating east face of west middle also to be rebuilt (see Room Over Middle Room, East Wall). Provide framing for door to Passage as indicated by stud locations, matching door location in east wall (see East Wall, Doors).

Doors: Stud nailing patterns still in ceiling framing indicate location of door to Passage at north end of wall, balanced by door location indication in east wall. See above.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide door to Passage, size and location as determined by framing indications, details and profiles to appropriate precedent.

Trim: No trim remained.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide new beaded base, using existing original examples in building as precedent.

Lath: No Original lath remained.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

South Wall

Framing: The framing of the south wall is original, in good condition. The framing of the dormer is largely original, much patched and reinforced.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce framing as necessary. Reinforce and rework dormer framing as necessary.

Windows:

Window #213

• Stool original
• Window frame modern
• Sash modern
• Sill modern
• Trim modern
• Diagonal cornerboards modern
• Vertical cornerboards modern

RECOMMENDATION: Retain existing original stool in place. Provide new materials to replace modern work, using existing corresponding original materials in building as precedent.

Trim: The existing base is modern. The beaded casing on the truss face is modern, and the face of the truss will be covered by the west wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide new beaded base, using existing original examples in building for precedent.

Lath: The lath on the sloping ceiling was all original, as was the lath on the ceiling and cheeks of the dormer. Original lath remained in place on the knee wall except at the west end.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall and dormer.

East Wall

Framing: The framing of the wood portion of the wall south of the chimney is original, in fair condition. The west face of the chimney, which forms the framing for the center portion of the wall, is in very poor condition, as is the rest of the chimney. The wood framing north of the chimney is reworked, and now holds a 19th century door. There are nailing indications in the framing to indicate the original stud arrangement, however, and the original door location.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce wood framing south of chimney as necessary. Rework chimney as necessary, retaining original work as possible. Rework framing north of chimney, allowing for original door opening and closing existing door.

Doors: As noted above, nailing indications in the frame point out the location of the original door to the Room Over Bullhead.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide door, location and size as indicated by framing, details and profiles to appropriate precedent.

Trim: Same as West Wall, Trim.

Lath: Original lath remained on the portion of the wall south of the chimney, above a point roughly one foot off the floor.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

Floor.

The floor and floor framing in place at the time of acquisition dated from the removal of the original stair in the 19th century. The only exceptions to this were the framing for the ledge over the stair landing at the south wall, and the floor framing from the face of the uppermost riser to the 19th century stair well, and the framing for the 20" ledge against the west wall. All original flooring in this area had been removed.

RECOMMENDATION: Reframe missing areas of floor and re-floor with antique flooring to match other original flooring in building.

Note: For explanation of stair in this room see Interior Notes, lst Floor, Center Passage, Stair.

Ceiling

The ceiling framing is original, although very light and in poor condition. The original lath remained on the ceiling south of the 19th century cross wall. North of this wall no original lath remained.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce framing as necessary. Plaster wall.

North Wall

Framing: The framing of the north wall is original, in good condition. The framing of the dormers is original, reworked and in poor condition.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce framing as necessary. Reinforce and rework dormer framing as necessary.

Windows:

Window #204

• Window frame original
• Diagonal cornerboards original
• Head trim original
• Sash modern
• Sill modern
• Vertical jamb trim modern
• Stool modern
• Vertical cornerboards modern

Window #205

• Window frame original
• Sill original
• Head trim original
• West jamb trim original
• Sill trim original
• Diagonal cornerboards original
• East jamb trim modern
• Sash modern
• Stool modern
• Vertical cornerboards modern

RECOMMENDATION: Retain existing original materials in place. Provide new materials to replace modern work, 159 using existing corresponding original materials in building as precedent.

Trim: Existing baseboard on this wall modern. Existing beaded truss casing original.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide new beaded base, using existing original examples in building for precedent. Retain existing truss casing.

Lath: The original lath remained on the sloping ceiling, and on the ceiling and cheeks of the dormers. The original lath remained on the knee wall west of Dormer Window #[cut off] and west of Dormer Window #204 to the truss.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall and dormer.

West Wall

Framing: The west wall (the original west wall of the building) was destroyed in the late 18th or early 19th century. Its indications remain in the framing, as do the indications of the door location in it.

RECOMMENDATION: Reframe wall, spacing studs to accommodate door in original location.

Doors: As noted above, the nailing indications locate the position and size of the original door in this wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide new door, size and location as determined by nailing indications, details and profiles to appropriate precedent.

Trim: No baseboard remains. Beaded casing on truss original.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide new beaded base, using existing original examples in building as precedent. Retain existing truss casing.

Lath: No original lath remained.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

South Wall

Framing: The framing of this wall was installed in the 19th century, re-using certain members of the earlier wall in the same location which was inserted when the Western Addition was built. The door location to the Room Over Middle Room is not evident from the existing framing, and there are no indications of its exact location in the original ceiling framing. The existing framing is in sound condition, although it is loose in places at the top.

RECOMMENDATION: Reframe wall in same location, providing for door to Room Over Middle Room, location as determined.

Doors: As noted above, the location of the original (as of the first construction of the wall) door is not evident from framing indications.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide door, size and location as determined, profiles and details to appropriate precedent.

Trim: The existing beaded base on this wall is modern.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide new beaded base, using existing original examples in building for precedent.

Lath: No original lath remained on this wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

East Wall

See Porch Chamber, West Wall and Stair Passage, West Wall.

Floor

The floor in this area is mostly of roughly 8" edge grain yellow pine boards, in fairly good condition. The floor has been heavily sanded in recent years, but is re-usable.

RECOMMENDATION: Re-use existing flooring, patching and replacing as necessary with antique flooring to match.

Ceiling

The framing of the flat ceiling in this area is original, with the exception of a modern scuttle at the east end. The framing is very light, and is in poor condition. The original lath was in place except for about a one foot strip north of the 19th century south wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce framing as necessary. Plaster ceiling.

North Wall

See Passage, South Wall.

West Wall

Framing: The existing framing at the south end of this wall is original, in good condition. The existing brick fireplace is modern, and behind it are the remains of a fireplace inserted here (on the east side of the Western Addition chimney) in the 19th century, when the original west middle chimney was removed. When the modern fireplace and hearth were removed, marks were found in the framing for the original stud wall. Although no actual evidence was found in place for windows as occurred in the original east east wall of the building, a notched stud was found re-used in the existing west wall of the Stair Passage which fitted exactly the remaining framing indications in the original west wall, and proved conclusively that this wall originally had a window arrangement like that still showing in the framing of the east wall. These windows were removed when the Western Addition was built.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce existing framing as necessary. Remove 19th century masonry to behind wall line and reframe center section of wall. Since windows were removed when Western Addition was built, and since this addition is to remain, do not provide framing for windows in this wall.

Windows: See above.

Trim: The existing beaded base is not original. The beaded truss casing is original. The beaded cornerboard at the south end of the fireplace recess is not original.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide new beaded base, using existing original examples in building for precedent. Retain existing truss casing.

Lath: No original lath remained on this wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Remove cornerboard. Plaster wall.

South Wall

Framing: The framing of the south wall is original, in good condition. The framing of the dormer is original, much patched and reinforced.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce framing as necessary. Reinforce and rework dormer framing as necessary.

Windows:

Window #212

• Stool original
• West diagonal cornerboard (truss casing) original
• East diagonal cornerboard modern
• Vertical cornerboards modern
• Window frame modern
• Sash modern
• Sill modern
• Trim modern

RECOMMENDATION: Retain existing original stood and west cornerboard in place. Provide new materials to replace modern work, using existing corresponding original materials in building as precedent.

Trim: Existing beaded base on this wall is modern. All beaded truss casings on this wall are original.

RECOMMENDATION: See West Wall, Trim.

Lath: The lath on the sloping ceiling was original except for an eight inch strip just west of the center truss. The lath on the kneewall under the dormer, on the dormer cheeks was original, but that on the dormer ceiling was modern, as was the lath on the knee wall west of the dormer.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall and dormer.

East Wall

Framing: The original framing of this wall was completely removed when the stairs were changed in the 19th century. The existing wall dates from the same alterations. In these alterations, as has been noted, the original west middle chimney was removed. This chimney, undoubtedly with a small fireplace, projected into this room. The fireplace and chimney are completely removed, and the framing gives no clue as to the exact original fireplace location and arrangement.

RECOMMENDATION: Remove existing 19th century framing. Reframe wall in original location. Rebuild chimney to dimensions indicated by framing. Provide fireplace opening as directed.

Trim: No original base remains. The beaded casing on the truss is original.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide new beaded base, using existing original examples in building as precedent. Retain existing truss casing. Provide simply trimmed fireplace and mantel or surround for fireplace, details and profiles to appropriate detail.

Lath: No original lath remained.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

Floor

The existing flooring in this space is mostly edge grain yellow pine, roughly 8" wide. The hearth is completely modern.

RECOMMENDATION: Patch and replace flooring as necessary with antique flooring to match existing. Remove modern hearth. Provide suitable brick hearth for fireplace to be reconstructed, using suitable precedent.

Ceiling

The ceiling framing is original with the exception of a modern fan opening in the west center of the ceiling, which is very light and in poor condition. Original 167 lath was in place north and south of the fan opening, and generally in a strip from the fan opening to the existing east wall. The original lath is missing in a one foot strip south of the north wall, and in the entire area west of the fan opening.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce ceiling framing as necessary. Plaster ceiling.

General Note

The remaining three rooms and passage to be discussed on the second floor of Mr. Wetherburn's Tavern comprise the second floor of the Western Addition. Examination of remaining 18th century trim, paint, etc. have shown conclusively that, as first built, the second floor of the Western Addition comprised one large room, floored, trimmed and lathed, but not plastered, and with the dormer sash and trim left unpainted. Shortly after the completion of the wing, the second floor was partitioned off into three rooms and a passage, as shown on the accompanying plans, and the rooms were plastered.

North Wall

Framing: The framing of the north wall is original, in good condition. This framing varies from the corresponding framing in the Original Building in that the purlins in the sloping ceiling just below the flat ceiling are staggered instead of in line, and project beyond the face of the plaster, providing a break between the flat ceiling and the dormer ceiling, where in the Original Building the flat ceiling was flush with the dormer ceilings, and continued uninterrupted into them. The dormer framing is original, reworked, and is in poor condition.

Windows:

Window #206

• Window frame original
• Both sash weights original
• Sill original
• Trim original
• East Pulley original, west pulley missing
• Sash modern
• Stool modern
• Diagonal cornerboards modern
• Vertical cornerboards modern

RECOMMENDATION: Retain existing original materials in place. Provide new materials to replace modern work, using existing corresponding original materials in building as precedent.

Note: Original dormer window frames in the Western Addition differ from those in the Original Building in that they have a sash weight pocket, where those in the Original Building were solid, and the windows were not equipped with sash weights. Five original sash weights were found in the building, locations as noted. The sash weights are about 11-½" long, 1-½" diameter at the bottom tapering to 1-¼" at the top. The average weight was 6 lb. 3 oz. The sash cords are approximately three feet long, and are hand spun four strand hemp. Two strands are natural hemp and two have been dyed or rubbed to a vermillion color. Each strand is composed of two separate smaller strands. The chord is 7/10" in circumference, or .225" in diameter.

Trim: The beaded base is original, as are the beaded truss casings.

RECOMMENDATION: Retain existing trim, pieced out and patched as necessary.

Lath: The lath on the sloping ceiling was original, as was the lath on the ceiling and the cheeks of the dormer, and the lath on the kneewall.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall and dormer.

West Wall

Framing: The framing at the ends of the wall, in the center, is basically original, reworked, and is in poor condition. The original door location in the south one-half of the wall has been removed, but indications in the framing give its location. The existing door is not original, although an 18th century door from an unknown location has been used. A section of 19th century brick nogging was in place between two studs in the center of the wall. These were for fire protection behind a 19th century stove on the west side of the wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce and reframe wall as necessary, providing framing for door in original location as mentioned above. Close existing door.

Doors: As mentioned above, framing indications locate the original door in the wall, and indicate that the existing door is not original.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide new door, size and location as shown by framing indications, profiles and details to appropriate precedent. Close existing door and patch wall.

Trim: The existing beaded base is not original to the wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide new beaded base, using existing original examples on North Wall for precedent.

Lath: No original lath remained on this wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

South Wall

Framing: The framing of the south wall is original, in good condition. The framing of the dormer is original, much reworked and in poor condition.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce framing as necessary. Rework and reinforce dormer framing as necessary.

Windows:

Window #211

• Stool original
• Diagonal cornerboards original
• East vertical cornerboard original
• West vertical cornerboard modern
• Window frame modern
• Sash modern
• Sash weights missing
• Trim modern
• Sill modern

RECOMMENDATION: Retain existing original materials in place. Replace modern work with new materials, using existing corresponding original materials in building for precedent.

Trim: Existing beaded baseboard original. Beaded truss casings original.

RECOMMENDATION: Retain original trim, pieced out and patched as necessary.

Lath: The lath on the sloping ceiling was original, as was that on the ceiling and cheeks of the dormer. The lath on the kneewall was original except for a small section at the west wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall and dormer.

East Wall

Framing: The framing of the east wall is original, in good condition. The chimney which forms the northeast corner of the room is also original, in good condition. The framing over the fireplace opening, where the chimney is reduced in size, is basically original, somewhat reworked.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce original framing as necessary. Repair original chimney as necessary.

Trim: The base against the wood-framed section of the wall is original, although it has been taken up and re-used in the same position. The cornerboard at the southwest corner of the chimney is of 19th century origin. The fireplace opening is original, and retains its rounded rear corners, although a four inch infill has been added to the south inner face, and the brick arch has been rebuilt. Several bricks of the original arch remain. Beaded truss casing is original.

RECOMMENDATION: Retain existing base and truss casing, pieced out and patched as necessary. Rebuild south jamb and arch of fireplace to existing evidence. 174 176 Provide simple mantel or surround for fireplace, to appropriate precedent.

Lath: No original lath remained on the wall, although the north face of the chimney, behind the 19th century partition, retained its original plaster surface. This plaster can be seen to turn the northwest corner, indicating that the west face of the chimney was plastered.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

Floor

The flooring in this space is mostly edge grain yellow pine boards, roughly 8" wide, in fairly good condition. RECOMMENDATION: Re-use existing floor as possible, patching and replacing as necessary with antique flooring to match.

Ceiling

The framing of the flat ceiling is basically original, somewhat light and in fair condition. The exceptions to this are the southeast corner where a modern fan opening has been inserted, and the northwest corner where there is a modern scuttle to the attic. The original lath was mostly in place with the two exceptions noted above, and at the 19th century east-west wall in place. This 19th century east-west wall is to be removed.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce framing as necessary. Plaster ceiling.

North Wall

Framing: The framing of the north wall is original, in good condition. The framing of the dormers is also original, much reworked and in poor condition.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce framing as necessary. Rework and reinforce dormer framing as necessary.

Windows:

Window #207

• Window frame original
• Both sash weights original
• Sill original
• Trim original
• Diagonal cornerboards original
• East pulley in place, fragment of west pulley in place
• Sash modern
• Stool modern
• Vertical cornerboards modern

Window #208

• Window frame original
• East sash weight original
• Sill original
• Trim original
• Diagonal cornerboards original
• East pulley missing, fragment of west pulley in place
• West sash weight missing
• Sash modern
• Stool modern
• Vertical cornerboards modern

RECOMMENDATION: Retain existing original materials in place. Replace modern work with new materials, using existing original examples in building for precedent.

Trim: Existing beaded baseboard and beaded truss casing original.

RECOMMENDATION: Retain existing trim, pieced out and patched as necessary.

Lath: All of the original lath remained on this wall, on the dormer cheeks and ceilings, and on the kneewall.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall and dormers.

West Wall

Framing: The framing of the west wall is entirely original, with the exception of the lower southwest corner, where the upper part of a sliding sash frame was inserted into the framing (see 1st Floor Notes, Great Room, West Wall).

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce framing as necessary. Remove sliding sash frame and patch framing in that location.

Windows: There were never any windows in this wall.

Trim: The beaded baseboard and beaded truss casing are original.

RECOMMENDATION: Piece out and patch existing trim.

Lath: Original lath remained on this wall, with the exception of the area where the 19th century chimney was added against this wall. The chimney was removed shortly after the building was acquired, being 179 completely modern, and in an unsafe condition.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

South Wall

Framing:. The south wall was completely removed in the 19th century. Indications on the floor, and on the ceiling framing give evidence as to the location of the wall, however, as did very definite lines on the original lath which remained on the west wall (see General Note before The Sh ....

RECOMMENDATION: Reframe wall, as shown by framing, flooring and lath indications.

Doors: Marks on the existing original flooring indicated that there was a door roughly in the center of the wall, and the original framing marks indicate by their spacing that there was another narrower door by the east end of the wall, into the Rear Passage.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide two doors, size and location as per indications on flooring, profiles and details to appropriate precedent.

Trim: No trim remained.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide new beaded trim, using existing original example on North Wall as precedent.

Lath: No lath remained.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

East Wall

See The Sh ..., West Wall.

Floor

The flooring in this space is mostly edge grain yellow pine boards, generally about 8" wide. There is a stovepipe hole in the floor to the east of the 19th century chimney location.

RECOMMENDATION: Patch and replace existing flooring as necessary, using antique flooring to match existing. Patch stovepipe hole.

Ceiling

The flat ceiling of this space retains its original framing, somewhat light and in fair condition, except in the southwest corner where a modern fan opening was inserted. About one-half of the original lath remained scattered on the ceiling.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce and reframe ceiling framing as necessary. Remove modern fan opening and patch. Plaster ceiling.

North Wall

See The ... eat Room, South Wall.

West Wall

Framing: The framing of the wall was completely removed 184 in the 19th century. On the ceiling framing and on the flooring, however, were marks which locate the wall, and locate the position of a door in it.

RECOMMENDATION: Reframe wall, to accommodate door, location as indicated on flooring and ceiling framing.

Doors: As noted above, there were indications for a door in this wall, tight against the North Wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide door, size and location as indicated by marks on ceiling framing and flooring, details and profiles to appropriate precedent.

Trim: No trim remained.

RECOMMENDATION: Provide beaded baseboard, using existing original example on South Wall as precedent.

Lath: No original lath remained.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

South Wall

Framing: The framing of the south wall is original, in good condition. The framing of the dormers is original, reworked and in poor condition.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce framing as necessary. Rework and reinforce dormer framing as necessary.

Windows:

Window #210

• West diagonal cornerboard original
• East diagonal cornerboard modern
• Window frame modern
• Sash modern
• Sash weights missing
• Sill modern
• Trim modern
• Stool modern
• Vertical cornerboards modern

RECOMMENDATION: Retain west diagonal cornerboard in place. Replace modern work with new materials, using existing original examples in building for precedent.

Trim: Existing beaded base original.

RECOMMENDATION: Piece out and patch existing base as necessary.

Lath: Original lath was in place on sloping ceiling, knee wall, and dormer ceiling and cheeks.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall and dormer.

East Wall

See The Sh ..., West Wall.

Floor

Existing flooring is mostly edge grain yellow pine floor boards roughly 8" wide. (Note: These floorboards show wear at the two door locations in this room.)

RECOMMENDATION: Patch and replace existing flooring as necessary, using antique flooring to match existing.

Ceiling

The flat ceiling framing in this room is original, somewhat light, and in fair condition. The original lath was mostly in place.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce framing as necessary. Plaster wall.

North Wall

See The ... eat Room, South Wall.

West Wall

Framing: The framing of the west wall is original, in good condition, See The ...eat Room, West Wall for note about sash frame found in wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce framing as necessary. Patch framing at lower end of north corner where sliding sash frame has been removed.

Windows: There were never any windows in this wall.

Trim: Existing beaded baseboard and beaded truss casing original.

RECOMMENDATION: Piece out and repair original trim as necessary.

Lath: All original lath remained on this wall.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall.

South Wall

Framing: The framing of the south wall is original, in good condition. The framing of the dormer is original, reworked, and in poor condition.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce framing as necessary. Rework and reinforce dormer framing as necessary.

Windows:

Window #209

• Stool original
• Diagonal cornerboards original
• West vertical cornerboard original
• East vertical cornerboard modern
• Window frame modern
• Sash modern
• Sash weights missing
• Sill modern
• Trim modern

Trim: Existing beaded baseboard original.

RECOMMENDATION: Piece out and repair existing baseboard.

Lath: All original lath was in place on this wall, with the exception of a small portion at the center of the knee wall at the baseboard. The dormer cheeks and ceiling retained their original lath.

RECOMMENDATION: Plaster wall and dormer.

East Wall

See Rear Passage, West Wall.

Floor

The floor in this area is basically 8" wide edge grain yellow pine boards. There is a hole west of center near the north wall where the floorboards were cut for the installation of electrical wiring.

RECOMMENDATION: Patch and replace existing floorboards as necessary with antique material to match.

Ceiling

The framing of the flat ceiling in this area is original, and is somewhat light, in poor condition. The original lath is in place over the ceiling.

RECOMMENDATION: Reinforce ceiling framing as necessary. Plaster ceiling.